Gravity & Orbits
Orbital mechanics, solar system, tidal forces, and N-body simulations
Gravity-Assist Fly-By
Planet frame |u_out|=|u_in| rotated by δ; star frame v = V + u — Δ|v| from moving planet.
Orbit Simulator
Launch satellites. Achieve circular, elliptical orbits, or escape.
Solar System
Interactive scaled model with time controls and orbital data.
Gravity Sandbox
Place masses and watch N-body gravitational interactions unfold.
Kepler's Laws
Elliptical orbits with equal-area sweeps visualized.
Escape Velocity
Launch from different planets and see trajectory results.
Gravitational Lensing
Massive objects bending light. Visual distortion effects.
Lagrange Points L1–L5
CRTBP effective potential; L1–L5; Coriolis test particle.
Earth–Moon Tides
Equilibrium tide bulges; orbit speed; ~12.4 h spacing note.
Binary Star (circular)
COM orbits; r₁,r₂; Kepler T² ∝ a³/(M₁+M₂).
Roche Limit
Fluid d ≈ 2.456 R_p (ρ_p/ρ_s)^(1/3); vs orbit distance.
Space Elevator Tether
1D tension vs height; peak near GEO (normalized model).
Hohmann Transfer
Coplanar circles r₁,r₂; transfer ellipse; Δv₁, Δv₂ from vis-viva.
Oberth Effect
Same prograde Δv at peri vs apo on one ellipse; higher ε when burning deep.