Electricity & Magnetism
Electric fields, circuits, Ohm's law, and electromagnetic induction
Gradient-B Drift
B_z(x,y) with weak gradient; orbit from q(E+v×B) at local B — gyration + drift.
Magnetic Mirror (Bottle)
Axial B(z) pinch; μ adiabatic invariant, v∥ from −μ ∂B/∂z — Van Allen / mirror sketch.
Dipole Radiation Pattern
Time-averaged power ∝ sin² θ in the plane containing the dipole axis (far-field cartoon).
Bode Diagram (RC low-pass)
|H| in dB and phase vs log f; f_c = 1/(2πRC) marked — first-order pole intuition.
Skin Effect
δ = √(2/(ωμσ)): AC current density vs depth in a conductor (1D exponential).
Eddy Current Tube
Magnet fall: dv/dt = g in air vs g − k v in copper pipe (toy drag model).
Plasma Ball (Stylized)
Glass sphere, center electrode, streamers toward cursor — visual only.
PN Junction & Diode
Band cartoon and Shockley-style I(V); ideality, temperature, I₀ scale.
Transmission Line & Γ
Load mismatch → reflection; standing-wave sketch and SWR from Z_L, Z₀.
Phased Array
Uniform linear array factor vs steering phase and element spacing.
Compton Scattering
Photon wavelength shift vs angle; λ_C ≈ 2.426 pm.
Electric Field Visualizer
Place charges and watch field lines update in real time.
Electric Potential
2D heatmap V = Σ kq/r. Drag charges, see equipotential colors.
Coulomb's Law
Two charges with adjustable magnitude and distance. Force vectors shown.
Parallel-Plate Capacitor
C = ε₀εᵣA/d, E = V/d, Q and energy; plates and C vs d.
Three-Phase AC
120° sine waves, Clarke space vector in α–β; v_A+v_B+v_C = 0.
Hall Effect
U_H = R_H I B / t; R_H sign for e⁻ vs holes; B, I, n, t.
Photoelectric Effect
E = hc/λ vs φ, K_max, V_s; I vs λ and vs intensity (model).
Particle in E and B Fields
Lorentz force: cyclotron motion, E×B drift, trajectories in sim units.
Circuit Builder
Drag and drop components: battery, resistor, bulb, switch. See current flow.
Ohm's Law
Adjust voltage and resistance. See current change with interactive V-I graph.
Series & Parallel
Compare total resistance and current distribution side by side.
RC Circuit
Charging and discharging capacitor with exponential curves.
RC Filter (LP / HP)
Bode gain vs frequency, f_c at −3 dB; live sine V_in and V_out.
RL Circuit
Series RL: τ = L/R, i(t) rise & decay, v_L; DC steady i = V/R.
RLC Series (AC)
Resonance peak, |Z|, phase. I(f) curve and live V & I waves.
Resistor Color Code
Click bands to see resistance, or enter value to see bands.
Magnetic Field
Bar magnets and current-carrying wires with field line visualization.
Electromagnetic Induction
Move magnet through coil. Faraday's law visualized.
Ideal Transformer
U₂/U₁ = N₂/N₁. Optional load R for I₁, I₂ (ideal power).
Mutual Inductance
Coupled L₁, L₂ with k and M; sinusoidal primary drives secondary current through R₂.
Wheatstone Bridge
Four arms, G between mid nodes; V_B − V_C and null when R₁R₄ = R₂R₃.
Dipole in Uniform E
τ = −pE sin θ, U = −pE cos θ; damped rotation; optional AC on E.
Ferrofluid (Stylized)
Purple metaball pool, spikes, field-line hints — visual only, not MHD.
Cyclotron (Schematic)
B uniform, oscillating E in gap; spiral growth; ω_c = (q/m)B in sim units.