Solar Eclipse Geometry

This interactive simulator explores Solar Eclipse Geometry in Astronomy & The Sky. Sun–Moon–Earth: angular sizes, umbra and penumbra cones, orbit tilt. Use the controls to change the scenario; watch the visualization and any graphs or readouts to connect the model with lectures, labs, and homework.

Who it's for: Best once you already know the basic definitions and want to build intuition. Typical context: Astronomy & The Sky.

Key terms

  • solar
  • eclipse
  • geometry
  • solar eclipse geometry
  • astronomy

How it works

A solar eclipse needs the Moon between Earth and the Sun. The umbral cone is where the entire photosphere is blocked; the penumbra is where only part of the Sun is covered. Changing Earth–Moon distance changes whether the umbra reaches the surface (total) or you see a ring (annular).

Key equations

θ ≈ R / d (small-angle) Umbra / penumbra: tangent lines Sun ↔ Moon, extended toward Earth