Maxwell–Boltzmann Speed Distribution

This interactive simulator explores Maxwell–Boltzmann Distribution in Thermodynamics. Histogram of |v| from Gaussian components vs the 3D Maxwell speed PDF; T and sample size. Use the controls to change the scenario; watch the visualization and any graphs or readouts to connect the model with lectures, labs, and homework.

Who it's for: Best once you already know the basic definitions and want to build intuition. Typical context: Thermodynamics.

Key terms

  • maxwell
  • boltzmann
  • distribution
  • maxwell boltzmann
  • thermodynamics

How it works

In equilibrium, classical particles in 3D have Gaussian momentum components. The distribution of speed |v| = √(v_x²+v_y²+v_z²) is not Gaussian: it rises from zero, peaks near the most probable speed, then falls exponentially.

Key equations

f(v) = 4π (m / 2πkT)^1.5 v² exp(−mv² / 2kT)