Related simulators
Continue with similar topics in this category — or all 85 in Math Visualization.
PCA in 2D (principal components & 1D projection)
Click-built cloud: covariance eigenvectors as PC1/PC2 arrows from the mean, optional orthogonal drops to the PC1 line, and a bottom strip of PC1 scores — the standard rank-one projection coordinate.
Monte Carlo Integration & Variance Reduction
Compare plain Monte Carlo, importance sampling, and stratified sampling for ∫f(x)dx, with convergence curves, standard error, and the 1/√N rate.
Gaussian Mixture EM Algorithm
Expectation-maximization for a two-component Gaussian mixture: responsibilities, E/M steps, likelihood, and covariance ellipses.
Kalman Filter 2D Tracking
4-state constant-velocity tracker: noisy (x,y) measurements, process acceleration noise Q, measurement variance R, and a live ≈2σ covariance ellipse.
Conjugate Gradient Solver
SPD system Ax=b as quadratic minimization: contour geometry, CG vs steepest descent path, residual norm, and condition number.
Vector Addition
Place vectors and see the resultant with head-to-tail animation.