Related simulators
Continue with similar topics in this category — or all 85 in Math Visualization.
Kalman Filter (1-D)
Recursive optimal estimation: noisy measurements, hidden truth, predict + update with Q and R; random-walk or constant-velocity model with ±2σ band and innovations.
PCA / SVD Geometry
Covariance ellipse and SVD view of dimensionality reduction: principal components, explained variance, and rank-1 reconstruction error.
Gaussian Process Regression
Interactive GP regression with RBF and Matérn kernels: tune length scale/noise, add observations by clicking, view posterior mean with uncertainty bands, and sample at max posterior variance.
Gaussian Mixture EM Algorithm
Expectation-maximization for a two-component Gaussian mixture: responsibilities, E/M steps, likelihood, and covariance ellipses.
Markov Chain (Weather)
Sun/Rain two-state chain: P matrix, stationary π, empirical vs theory.
PLL (Phase-Locked Loop)
Discrete-time analog-style PLL: multiplier PD e = K_d sin(φ_ref − φ_VCO), PI loop filter, VCO ω = ω_fr + K_v u; step ω_ref to explore lock, capture, and steady-state phase error.