Related simulators
Continue with similar topics in this category — or all 85 in Math Visualization.
PLL (Phase-Locked Loop)
Discrete-time analog-style PLL: multiplier PD e = K_d sin(φ_ref − φ_VCO), PI loop filter, VCO ω = ω_fr + K_v u; step ω_ref to explore lock, capture, and steady-state phase error.
STFT & Spectrogram
Slide a windowed FFT across the signal: chirps, two-tones, bursts. Tune window M, hop, type — see the time–frequency trade-off live.
LMS / NLMS Adaptive Noise Cancellation
Primary p = s + v with v a fixed unknown FIR of Gaussian reference x[n]. Watch an L-tap FIR adapt by LMS or NLMS so error e = p − wᵀx → s; running MSE and ‖w − h‖.
PCA / SVD Geometry
Covariance ellipse and SVD view of dimensionality reduction: principal components, explained variance, and rank-1 reconstruction error.
Kalman Filter 2D Tracking
4-state constant-velocity tracker: noisy (x,y) measurements, process acceleration noise Q, measurement variance R, and a live ≈2σ covariance ellipse.
Kalman Filter (1-D)
Recursive optimal estimation: noisy measurements, hidden truth, predict + update with Q and R; random-walk or constant-velocity model with ±2σ band and innovations.