Quadrupole / Penning-Style Trap

A static electric quadrupole Φ ∝ x²−y² creates a saddle potential; combined with a uniform axial magnetic field, Lorentz forces can confine charged particle orbits in the plane. Three test charges with different initial conditions illustrate bounded epicyclic motion — a qualitative cousin of Penning traps, not a radio-frequency Paul trap.

Who it's for: Students linking E×B dynamics to mass spectrometry hardware.

Key terms

  • Penning trap
  • Quadrupole potential
  • Lorentz force
  • Magnetron motion

How it works

Classical charged-particle dynamics in a static electric saddle plus uniform magnetic field: a qualitative cousin of Penning/Paul traps used in mass spectrometry.

Frequently asked questions

Why no RF drive?
Paul traps require time-varying fields for a ponderomotive pseudopotential; this page keeps Φ static for transparent classical trajectories.